Though modern academic philosophy most often looks to Plato as the exemplar of Greek philosophy, Diogenes the Cynic seems to have achieved even greater contentment in the world and often employed eccentric and bizarre means of confrontation.

Diogenes was a self-appointed public scold whose mission was to demonstrate to the ancient Greeks that civilization is regressive. He taught by living example that wisdom and happiness belong to the man who is independent of society. Diogenes scorned not only family and political social organization, but property rights and reputation. The most shocking feature of his philosophy is his rejection of normal ideas about human decency. Exhibitionist and philosopher, Diogenes is said to have eaten (and, once, masturbated) in the marketplace, urinated on some people who insulted him, defecated in the theatre, and pointed at people with his middle finger. Sympathizers considered him a devotee of reason and an exemplar of honesty. Detractors have said he was an obnoxious beggar and an offensive grouch.

Diogenes is reported to have thrown away his only possession, a wooden bowl, after seeing a peasant boy drink by cupping his hands. His interaction with Alexander the Great further illustrates his satisfaction in detachment from the material.

The story goes that while Diogenes was relaxing in the sunlight one morning, Alexander, thrilled to meet the famous philosopher, asked if there was any favour he might do for him. Diogenes replied, “Stand out of my sunlight.” Alexander still declared, “If I were not Alexander, then I should wish to be Diogenes.”

The particulars of Diogenes’ eccentricities are amusing, but what I find most interesting is the similarity of this Greek philosopher’s ideals with various religious lifestyles (such as gnostics, monks, and hermits). Detachment from the material has not yet replaced the mechanism of perpetual acquisition and growth in our world, yet perhaps we would be wise to listen to those who have already attained fulfillment through simplicity.